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Battle of Chioggia
The Battle of Chioggia was a naval battle during the War of Chioggia that culminated on June 24, 1380 in the lagoon off Chioggia, Italy, between the Venetian and the Genoese fleets.〔"Carlo Zeno". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2015. Web. 10 Mar. 2015 .〕 The Genoese, commanded by Admiral Pietro Doria, had captured the little fishing port in August the preceding year.〔"Carlo Zeno". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2015. Web. 10 Mar. 2015 .〕
The port was of no consequence, but its location at an inlet to the Venetian Lagoon threatened Venice at her very doorstep. The Venetians, under Vettor Pisani and Doge Andrea Contarini, were victorious thanks in part to the fortunate arrival of Carlo Zeno at the head of a force from the east.〔"Carlo Zeno". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2015. Web. 10 Mar. 2015 .〕〔Pemsel, Helmut. A History of War At Sea : an Atlas and Chronology of Conflict At Sea From Earliest Times to the Present. (English language ed., fully rev. ) (Md. ): Naval Institute Press, 1977.〕 The Venetians both captured the town and turned the tide of the war in their favor. A peace treaty signed in 1381 in Turin gave no formal advantage to Genoa or Venice, but it spelled the end of their long competition: Genoese shipping was not seen in the Adriatic after Chioggia.〔〔 This battle was also significant in the technologies used by the combatants.〔Guilmartin, John Francis. "The Earliest Shipboard Gunpowder Ordnance: An Analysis of Its Technical Parameters and Tactical Capabilities." The Journal of Military History 71.3 (2007): 649-69. Web.〕
==Background==
By the fourteenth century, interregional trade had seen a very large increase, aided in part by improved navigational and naval technologies as well as by the collapsing Byzantine empire.〔 The northern Italian cities of Genoa and Venice were well placed to foster this trade that extended east through the Mediterranean to Constantinople, the Middle East, and the Black Sea, as well as north through the Strait of Gibraltar to the Baltic Sea.〔〔McNeill, William Hardy. Venice, the Hinge of Europe, 1081-1797. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1974, p. 20-53.〕 Common goods that were traded in the region included timber, metals, weapons, slaves, salt, spices, and grain.〔 Grain from the Black Sea region became increasingly important to feed the growing urban populace of the city-states and support the growing naval merchant class, with most grain imports coming through the ports at Caffa in modern day Crimea and Chios in the Eastern Adriatic.〔 Throughout this period both Genoa and Venice became ever more entrenched in trade, building considerable naval forces to protect their interests and battling for trade dominance in a series of sporadic wars that largely culminated with Chioggia.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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